Layer 3 Network Routers
Layer 2 Data link Switches, bridges, NICs
Layer 1 Physical Hubs and repeaters
Repeater – Amplifies the
signal received on input and transmits it on output
Modem – Accepts a serial
stream of bits as input and produces a modulated carrier as output (or vice
versa)
Hub
–
Connect nodes/segments of
a LAN
–
When a packet arrives at
one port, it is copied to all the other ports
Switch
–
Reads destination address
of each packet and forwards appropriately to specific port
–
Layer 3 switches (IP
switches) also perform routing functions
Bridge:
–
“ignores” packets for
same LAN destinations
–
forwards ones for
interconnected LANs
Router:
– decides routes for
packets, based on destination address and network topology
– Exchanges information
with other routers to learn network topology
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